CAUSES

• Jakarta, the capital with 1,000 problems https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/laporan_khusus/2010/10/101027_jakartasatu
•  3 Things to Consider Before Moving Indonesia's Capital from Jakarta, By Nirarta Samadhi, Arief Wijaya, Reidinar Juliane and Dean Yulindra Affandi ⁠https://wri-indonesia.org/en/insights/3-things-consider-moving-indonesias-capital-jakarta
• JAKARTA: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climate https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2011/11/03/jakarta-urban-challenges-in-a-changing-climate
• Problems and Challenges in Jakarta Caused by Rapid Urbanization ⁠http://indonesiaurbanstudies.blogspot.com/2016/11/problems-and-challenges-in-jakarta_53.html?m=1
• A capital is born: The impact of Indonesia moving its capital city (2024) ,Scott McEwan & April Skinner ⁠https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/resource/a-capital-is-born-the-impact-of-indonesia-moving-its-capital-city/

CONSEQUENCES

• OVERPOPULATION: CAUSE AND EFFECT (2024), Joseph J. Bish, MS. https://www.populationmedia.org/the-latest/overpopulation-cause-and-effect#:~:text=The%20Effects%20of%20Overpopulation,-It%20is%20only&text=More%20people%20means%20an%20increased,large%2Dscale%20disasters%20like%20pandemics.
•  population matters: OVERPOPULATION: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND SOLUTIONS (2024) https://populationmatters.org/news/2024/08/overpopulation-causes-consequences-and-solutions/

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

• Profile of Australia's population (2023) Australia Institute of health and welfare
• Profile of Australia's population - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
• Should Australia rethink its high population growth model? It's one of many challenges, report says   https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-03-13/e61-unsw-report-challenges-high-population-growth-productivity/105041506
• Australia is Overpopulated and has Breached its Ecological Limits https://population.org.au/media-releases/australia-is-overpopulated-and-has-breached-its-ecological-limits/#:~:text=Population%20driven%20urban%20infill%20and,native%20plant%20and%20animal%20habitat.
•  South Korea Population Live, (2025). https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/south-korea-population/
• Exploring urban housing disadvantages and economic struggles in Seoul, South Korea (2024) Yookyung L, Seungwoo H. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42949-024-00158-9
• Urbanization Planning of Seoul, (2024). https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/2375
• Singapore’s population rises to historic high of 6.04 million, mainly due to growth in non-resident population, (2024), Vanessa L. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-population-604-million-non-resident-increase-4627281
• 8 Reasons why Singapore properties are so expensive (2025), Abram L. https://smartwealth.sg/why-singapore-property-expensive/#:~:text=Singapore%20is%20a%20small%20city,demand%20inevitably%20pushes%20prices%20up.
• New Zealand Population, (2025). https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/new-zealand-population/#:~:text=New%20Zealand%202025%20population%20is,New%20Zealand%20is%2037.7%20years.
• More than 100,000 crowded households in New Zealand, (2024) https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/more-than-100000-crowded-households-in-new-zealand/
• https://populationmatters.org/news/2024/02/population-and-the-environment-in-nigeria-too-big-to-go-green/#:~:text=Nigeria%20has%20the%20biggest%20population,population%20below%20the%20poverty%20line
• "Population and the Environment in Nigeria – Too big to go green?" Population Matters (2024) https://www.urbanet.info/nigeria-lagos-slums-urban-health/#:~:text=The%20urban%20slum%20dwellers%20of,regarding%20health%20and%20health%20care
• "Urban Slums in Nigeria: Ensuring Healthy Living Conditions." Olaoluwa P.A (2018)

NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

• Indonesia's large, growing population poses complex problem: BKKBN (2022), F Assegaf
• Indonesia's large, growing population poses complex problem: BKKBN - ANTARA News

•  The Population Explosion: Indonesian’s Dilemma Amid Limited Resources (2024) W Wagianto, N Syah, I Dewata, I Umar, A Putra https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378489597_The_Population_Explosion_Indonesian's_Dilemma_Amid_Limited_Resources#